關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解大全
語(yǔ)法在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中是一個(gè)墊腳石，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法會(huì)了很多問(wèn)題都會(huì)迎刃而解，可想而知語(yǔ)法是很重要的，那么關(guān)于語(yǔ)法中名詞該如何使用和他它的性質(zhì)是怎么樣的？我們一起來(lái)看看，以下是小編給大家整理的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解大全，希望可以幫到大家
名詞可以分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞，專(zhuān)有名詞是某個(gè)(些)人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類(lèi)：
1)個(gè)體名詞：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。
2)集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。
3)物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。
4)抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞。歸納一下，名詞的分類(lèi)可以下圖表示：
名詞 專(zhuān)有名詞 不可數(shù)名詞
普通名詞 物質(zhì)名詞
抽象名詞
集體名詞
可數(shù)名詞
個(gè)體名詞
1.1 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞
一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps
濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies
1.2 其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
1) 以y結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。
2) 單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說(shuō)a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4) 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。
b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。
c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。
d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。
5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì)，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes(各種)魚(yú)。
1.4 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
1)物質(zhì)名詞
a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。
比較：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù))
These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數(shù))
b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類(lèi)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
This factory produces steel. (不可數(shù))
We need various steels. (可數(shù))
c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：
Our country is famous for tea. 我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。
Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。
2) 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如：
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。
5. 定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。
1) 1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如：
sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室
talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語(yǔ)系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，s保留。例如：
goods train (貨車(chē)) arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)
customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：
two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹(shù) a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃
1.6 不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)
國(guó)籍 總稱(chēng)(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
中國(guó)人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亞人 the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄國(guó)人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希臘人 the greek a greek two greeks
法國(guó)人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美國(guó)人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德國(guó)人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英國(guó)人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
1.7 名詞的格
英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s"來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱(chēng)為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：
1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書(shū)包，men's room 男廁所。
2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭(zhēng)。
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's 理發(fā)店。
5) 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有";只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'。例如：
John's and Mary's rooms(兩間) John and Mary's room(一間)
6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)，'s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence
1.8 練習(xí)
1. 1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.
a. a. little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages
2. 2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.
a. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes
3. 3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.
a. a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation
4. 4.Painting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.
a. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil
5. 5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn't ____ oil here.
a. a. much b. lots of b. a great deal of d. many
6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.
a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense
7. 7.The room was small and contained far too ______.
a. a.much new furniture b. much new furnitures c.many new furniture d. many new furnitures
8. 8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
a. rooms number b. room number c. room's numbers d. room numbers
9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.
a great many…many b. much…a great deal c. a great deal of…much d. many…a great many
10. 10.She didn't know _____ he had been given.
a. a. how many information b. how many informations c. the number of information d. how much information
11. 11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.
a. comrade-in-arms b. comrades-in-arm c. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm
12. 12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a. women doctors b. woman doctors c. women doctor d. woman doctor
13. 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.
a. growns-ups b. growns-up c. grown-up d. grown-ups
14. 14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.
a. stander-by b. standers-by c. stander-bys d. standers-bys
15. 15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.
a. prisoner-of-wars b. prisoners-of-war c. prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war
16. 16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.
a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels
17. 17.Mary's dress is similar in appearance to her ______.
a. elder sister b. elder sister's c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress
18. 18.All the people at the conference are ______.
a. mathematic teachers b. mathematics teacher c.mathematics teachers d. mathematic's teachers
19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.
a. a. some property b. properties c. some properties d. property
20. 20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.
a. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are
21. 21.He has written several books, but his last works _____ well known among his friends.
a. a. have b. have been c. is d. are
22. 22.After he checked up my ______ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.
a. a. father-in-law's c. father's-in-law b. b. father-in-law d. father's-in-law's
23. 23.He told me _____ would come to his birthday party.
a. a. many Jack friends c. many Jack's friend
b. b. Jack's many friends d. many friends of Jack's
24. 24.I had my hair cut at the _____ around the corner.
a. a.barber b. barbers c. barber's d. barbers'
25. 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at ______.
a. a. Peter and Helen's c. Peter and Helen
b. b. Peter and Helens d. Peter's and Helen's
26. 26.______ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the sun's energy.
a. a. The earth's surface c. The surface of earth
b. b. The surface earth d. The earth surface
27. 27.Numerous materials are available to ______.
a. a. today of designers c. today's of designers
b. b. today's designers d. today designers
28. 28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don't you know he is an old friend of ______?
a. a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brother's d. my brother's friend
29. 29.______ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.
a. a. This John's old friend c. That's Jahn's old friend
b. b. This old friend of John d. This old friend of John's
30. 30.______ is too much for a little boy to carry.
a. a.A bike's weight c. The weight of a bike
b. b.The weights of a bike d. Bile's weight
31. 31.Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday.
a. a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of
32. 32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were ______ left.
a. a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats
33. 33.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.
a. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail
_ to improve the working conditions there.
a. a. a new equipment c. new equipments
b. b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments
35. 35.The boy tried hard but there has been ______ in his work.
a. a. little improvement c. many improvements
b. b. a little improvement d. few improvements
36. 36.Today's modern TV cameras require ______ light as compared with the earlier models.
a. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little
37. 37.No country can afford to neglect ______.
a. a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education
38. 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of ______.
a. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight
39. 39.______ is only surpassed by that of monkeys' and apes'.
a. a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs
b. b. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent
40. 40.All ______ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.
a. a. business student b. business's students c. business students d. business's student
41. 41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.
a. a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call
b. b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call
42. 42.The ______ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.
a. a. public's chief concern c. chief public concern
b. b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public's
43. 43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad.
a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were
44. 44.______ can get a better view of the game than the participants.
a. a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons
45. 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes.
a. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been
46. 46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be.
a. a. is b. are c. be d. been
47. 47.One of the most surprising things is that ______ may come from petroleum.
a. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow's food
b. b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow's food
48. 48.Scott is an orphan but he received ______.
a. a. very good education c. a very good education
b. b. very good educations d. many good educations
49. 49.After several day's hardworking, we have made ______ on the design.
a. a. much improvement c. many improvement
b. b. several improvements d. some improvement
50. 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.
a. a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes's shop d. shoe's
51. 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content.
a. a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount
52. 52.He has done some ______ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.
a. a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches
53. 53.Recently, he has lost all his ______.
a. a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card
b. b. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards
54. 54.The country's wealth comes chiefly from its many ______.
a. a. herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles
55. 55.In Britain the ______ are all painted red.
a. a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters's box
56. 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had ______.
a. a. a little white hair c. a few white hair
b. b. some white hair d. much white hair
57. 57.All his ______ far from satisfaction
a. a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be
58. 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, ______ was done.
a. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage
59. 59.He was ______ what to do.
a. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wit's end d. at his wits's end
60. 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and ______ with me?
a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts
61. 61.Accurate ______ covering the fact are not obtainable.
a. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas
62. 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few ______.
a. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-you's
b. b. of how-are-you's d. of how are you
63. 63.Albert said he met the girl ______
a. a. at his uncle's Smith room c. at his uncle Smith's room
b. b. at Smith's his uncle's room d. at the room of his uncle's Smith's
64. 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats ______.
a. a. at Mrt Smith's ,the book seller c. at my aunt's, a book seller
b. b. at my aunt's, Mrs Palmer's d. at Mrs Palmer's, the book seller's
65. 65.This room is ______.
a. a. the editor's-in-chief's office c. the editor-in-chief's office
b. b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editor's-in-chief office
66. 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at ______.
a. a. a teacher college c. a teacher's college
b. b. a teachers's college d. a college of a teacher's
67. 67.The policemen put the criminal ______.
a. a. in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron
68. 68.Our teacher gave me ______.
a. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice
69. 69.My mother cut the cloth with ______ scissors.
a. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of
70.My house is within ______ from the railway station.
a. a stone's throw b. a throw of a stone c. stone's throw d. the stone's throw
名詞練習(xí)答案
1 D 15 B 29 D 43 D 57 A
2 D 16 B 30 B 44 B 58 C
3 C 17 B 31 C 45 A 59 D
4 C 18 C 32 C 46 B 60 B
5 A 19 C 33 B 47 D 61 C
6 C 20 B 34 C 48 B 62 B
7 A 21 C 35 A 49 C 63 B
8 D 22 A 36 C 50 B 64 D
9 C 23 D 37 C 51 C 65 B
10 D 24 C 38 B 52 A 66 C
11 C 25 A 39 B 53 D 67 C
12 A 26 A 40 C 54 C 68 D
13 D 27 C 41 D 55 A 69 D
14 B 28 C 42 A 56 D 70 A