高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精選知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
很多考生英語(yǔ)總是打不了高分，做了很多題，背了很多單詞還是沒(méi)有提高，那高考英語(yǔ)如何快速提高呢?下面就是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的讀西游記有感，希望大家喜歡!
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
I?虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if?引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。?
①?if?my?lawyer?had?been?here?last?Saturday,?he?would?have?prevented?me?from?going.?
②?if?you?had?studied?hard?at?school,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now.?
句子①②都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用，從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但在主句中，句①依然指代過(guò)去的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是would?have?done，而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now,?這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形，學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在，從而按句①的形式填寫(xiě)答案。??
Ⅱ虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法??
1.在it?is?important?(strange,?natural,?necessary……)+that?句子或者It?is?decided?(ordered,suggested,?demanded,?advised……)+that句子中，主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等?
例如：①?it?is?important?that?everyone?(should?)?obey?the?rules?all?day?and?all?night.?
②?it?is?decided?that?the?meeting?(should)?be?held?tomorrow?afternoon.?
2.?suggest,?insist?后面指賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的地方??
1)①suggest?當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”?例如：He?suggested?that?the?work?(should)?be?started?at?once?他建議立即動(dòng)工。?
類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持，demand要求，desire要求、請(qǐng)求，request請(qǐng)求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建議，command命令，ask要求，advise建議，prefer寧愿等。?這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(如：It?is?suggested?+?that主語(yǔ)從句)形式后，主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion)后，其后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?
②suggest?當(dāng)“提出(某看法)，暗示，啟發(fā)”講時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?例如：(1)The?police?suggested?that?the?thief?might?be?one?of?the?family?member?
警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。?
(2)Her?yawns?suggests?that?she?is?sleepy.?她打哈欠表明她困了。?
(3)Although?he?didn’t?suggest?that?we?__?the?decision?to?swim?across?the?river,?but?his?look?suggested?that?our?decision?__wrong.雖然他沒(méi)提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過(guò)這條河的決定，但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。?
A：stop;?wasB:?should?stop;?be
C:?stopped?;wasD:?stopped;?should?be?
在這個(gè)句子中，前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講，而后一個(gè)作“表明”講，所以答案為“A”??
2)①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?
例如：I?insisted?that?you?(should)?be?there?on?time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去?
②insist?作“堅(jiān)持(意見(jiàn)，看法);堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，確信”講時(shí)，其后從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
例如：He?suggested?(that)?he?heard?someone?in?the?next?room.?他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他聽(tīng)到隔壁屋子里有人。???
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
名詞性從句
一、that 從句
1、主語(yǔ)從句
(1)that從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的句型有：
It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that從句
It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句
It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句
(2)that可以省略，但that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不能省略。
2、賓語(yǔ)從句
(1)常見(jiàn)的可以接that從句作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
(2)That從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，偶爾可作except, in 的賓語(yǔ)。
3、表語(yǔ)從句(that不可省略)
4、同位語(yǔ)從句
連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略。
二、whether/if從句
1、在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether不能用if;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句放于句首時(shí)，只能用whether不用if;當(dāng)it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)用whether或if均可;discuss后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必須用whether。
2、在賓語(yǔ)從句中：
(1)及物動(dòng)詞后：whether從句中不能有否定式，賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)用if;if不能與or not連用，但可以用whether or not;whether后可以加不定式。
(2)介詞后：只能用whether,不用if。
三、特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句
1、主語(yǔ)從句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
2、賓語(yǔ)從句
(1)常見(jiàn)的能接特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
(2)作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
3、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
will和would
1)表示意志和意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。
Ifyouwilllistentome,I’llgiveyousomeadvice.
2)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉、客氣。Will(Would)youpleasepassmethebook?
3)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，“總是”“慣于”，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。
Fishwilldiewithoutwater.
Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow,deepinthought.
4).表示功能，意為“能”或“行”Themachinewon’twork.
5)表示預(yù)料或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.猜想他離開(kāi)家時(shí)大約十點(diǎn)。
would&usedto
1)表示過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)和情況用usedto;would不與表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用。
Thereusedtobeahospitalhere./Therewouldbeahospitalhere.(×)
2)would常與often,sometimes,forhours等表示時(shí)間的副詞(短語(yǔ))連用。
Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistenedtohisstory.
3)usedto強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，含有“過(guò)去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義.eg.Hewillnotspendthemoneyonbooksasheusedto.
dare和need
兩者作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中。習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)Idaresay(可能，或許，我揣測(cè))除外。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法同于一般動(dòng)詞。但在否定句中，dare后的to可省略，即：don’t/doesn’tdare(to)do….need作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用在否定句中時(shí)，其后的to不能省略。
Hedaregotherealone.(×)Hedarestogothere.
Hedaresnotgotherealone.(×)Hedarenotgotherealone./Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.
Hestoodtherewithoutdaringlifthishead.(×)Hestoodtherewithoutdaringtolifthishead.
1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone,表示過(guò)去比較：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do,表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。
cf.needn’thavedone&didn’tneedtodo…
Sheneednothavecomeyesterday.她昨天本不必要來(lái)的。(但卻來(lái)了)
Shedidn’tneedtocomeyesterday.她昨天不必來(lái)。(實(shí)際上也沒(méi)來(lái))
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
would rather that somebody did…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…"寧愿……;更愿意……"(表示過(guò)去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。
I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。
I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒(méi)有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí))[參考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來(lái)就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。
句型3
"wish +賓語(yǔ)從句"，表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);
表示過(guò)去的愿望：主語(yǔ)+had done;
表示將來(lái)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。
I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
could have done "本來(lái)可以……"(表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能)。
might have done "本來(lái)可能……;本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生;含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。
should/ought to have done "本來(lái)該做某事"(而實(shí)際未做)
should not/ought not to have done "本來(lái)不該做"(實(shí)際卻做過(guò)了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣)
needn't have done "本來(lái)不必做"(但是已經(jīng)做過(guò)了)
would rather have done "當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事"(實(shí)際沒(méi)有做過(guò));否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示"后悔"之意。
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